Heatstroke is the most severe heat illness.
It occurs when the body’s temperature rises above 40oC. Left untreated, heatstroke quickly affects the muscles and internal organs like the brain, heart, kidneys, and liver. These organs stop functioning properly, which rapidly leads to death. There are two types: exertional and non-exertional (or classic) heatstroke. Exertional heatstroke can occur in people exercising in hot environments. Non-exertional heatstroke occurs in people staying in a hot environment for a prolonged period of time. Young children and adults over the age of 65 are most at risk for this type of heatstroke as they have weaker central nervous systems.
Signs and symptoms of heatstroke include headache, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, flushed skin, cramps, nausea, vomiting, heavy or no sweat, altered mental state or behaviour (confusion, hallucinations, delusions, staggering), seizures, and loss of consciousness.
If you observe someone who has heatstroke, call an ambulance immediately. Cool the person as quickly as possible. Shade them, fan them, spray water on them, use cold and wet towels. Ice water immersion is recommended for exertional heatstroke while spraying water and fanning is recommended for non-exertional heatstroke. Ice may harm young children and the elderly.
To prevent heat illness, it is very important to stay hydrated in hot weather. This helps produce sweat, which helps maintain a normal body temperature. Wear loose and lightweight clothes to allow proper cooling of the body. Protect yourself from sunburn and take breaks in the shade, especially during the hottest part of the day.
